Foundation of Information Technology

Tribhuvan University — Faculty of Management

Course: IT 231 — Foundation of Information Technology Exam Paper Archive: Historical Board Examination Paper (Page 1 of 1) Core Unit / Domain: Computer Architecture & Number Systems

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1. Board Examination Context & Syllabus Mapping

This historical TU board examination page assesses student mastery of fundamental and applied principles in Foundation of Information Technology, adhering to official TU Faculty of Management academic standards.

2. Comprehensive Step-by-Step Model Solutions

Computer Architecture & Digital Representation

• Von Neumann Architecture: Shared memory for data and instructions, CPU with ALU, Control Unit, and Registers, interconnected via Address, Data, and Control buses.
• Number Conversions: Conversion between Decimal, Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal. Two’s complement representation for signed arithmetic:

  Swipe to see the full formula↔

  $$\text{Two's Complement}(X) = \text{One's Complement}(X) + 1$$
• Primary vs. Secondary Storage: RAM (SRAM/DRAM, volatile, nanoseconds) vs. SSD/HDD (non-volatile, persistent storage).

3. Academic Synthesis & Key Examination Formulas

• Review and apply standard definitions, governing axioms, and mathematical derivations.
• Ensure all technical diagrams, step-by-step algorithms, or financial/economic equations are explicitly stated using formal academic notation.
• Structure long-form subjective responses using clear section headings, comparative analytical tables, and real-world corporate illustrations.

4. TU Examination Guidance & Marking Scheme

• Conceptual Clarity & Definitions: 30% of total allocated marks.
• Step-by-Step Numerical / Algorithmic / Analytical Rigor: 50% of marks.
• Synthesis, Diagrams & Managerial Application: 20% of marks.