Model paper

Dean's Office Official Model Question Paper

TTM 344 · Destination Development Management

Programme
BTTM
Academic year
Semester 4
Paper type
Official Model Question
Sitting
Dean's Office Blueprint
Full marks
60
Duration
180 minutes

Tribhuvan University

Faculty of Management

Office of the Dean

Official Model Question Paper / Dean's Office Blueprint

Course: TTM 344 · Destination Development Management

Level: Bachelor of Travel and Tourism Management (BTTM) · Semester 4

Full Marks: 60

Time: 3 hrs.

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Section A

Brief Answer Questions. Attempt ALL questions. (5 × 2 = 10)

[5*2=10]

  1. Define a Tourism Destination.

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    Definition of a Tourism Destination

    A tourism destination is a distinct geographic area that a visitor chooses to visit and stay in, incorporating attractions, support services, infrastructure, human resources, and hospitality experiences governed under physical and administrative boundaries.

  2. What are the 6 As of Destination Development?

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    The 6 As of Destination Development

    1. Attractions (natural, cultural, man-made)
    2. Accessibility (airports, roads, transport)
    3. Amenities (hotels, restaurants, water, power)
    4. Available Packages (pre-arranged tours)
    5. Activities (recreation, trekking, adventure)
    6. Ancillary Services (banking, emergency health, tourist police)

  3. Define Destination Carrying Capacity.

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    Meaning of Destination Carrying Capacity

    The maximum number of tourists that can visit a destination simultaneously without causing intolerable destruction of the natural physical environment, economic distortions, or unacceptable decline in visitor satisfaction and host community culture.

  4. What is a Destination Management Organization (DMO)?

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    Meaning of Destination Management Organization (DMO)

    A Destination Management Organization (DMO) is the leading institutional coordinating entity responsible for destination marketing, infrastructure advocacy, strategic planning, and stakeholder consensus-building across public and private sectors.

  5. State two positive economic impacts of destination development.

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    Two Positive Economic Impacts

    1. Foreign Exchange Earnings & Balance of Payments Relief: Infuses direct foreign currency into the national economy.
    2. Employment Generation: Creates labor-intensive jobs across hotels, guiding, transport, and local agricultural supply chains.

Section B

Short Answer Questions. Attempt any SIX questions. (6 × 5 = 30)

[6*5=30]

  1. Explain the role of stakeholders in collaborative destination planning.

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    Role of Stakeholders in Destination Planning

    • Local Resident Communities: Providing authentic cultural hospitality and safeguarding local natural resources.
    • Private Tourism Enterprises (Hotels, Operators): Investing commercial capital and delivering quality visitor services.
    • Municipal and National Government: Enacting zoning bylaws, providing roads and water infrastructure, and enforcing safety standards.
    • Tourists: Respecting local customs, paying entry fees, and supporting sustainable local businesses.

  2. Describe the environmental carrying capacity assessment of fragile Himalayan mountain destinations.

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    Environmental Carrying Capacity in the Himalayas

    • Assessing trail erosion rates and landslide susceptibility along high-altitude trekking routes.
    • Monitoring alpine deforestation caused by illegal firewood harvesting for tourist lodges.
    • Measuring freshwater availability and solid waste accumulation (e.g., plastic bottle litter in the Khumbu region).

  3. Explain the process of Destination Crisis Management and Disaster Recovery.

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    Destination Crisis Management Framework

    1. Pre-Crisis Preparedness: Establishing early warning systems, disaster evacuation maps, and emergency communication protocols.
    2. Acute Crisis Response: Rapid search and rescue operations, tourist safety helplines, and verified factual media briefings.
    3. Post-Crisis Recovery: Rebuilding damaged infrastructure, launching global PR reassurance campaigns, and offering promotional travel discounts.

  4. Discuss the physical planning and zoning requirements for sustainable resort development.

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    Land-Use Zoning in Resort Development

    • Preservation Zones: Strict ecological buffer corridors where all construction is legally banned (e.g., lakeshores and wildlife corridors).
    • Building Height and Architectural Guidelines: Restricting building heights to tree level and mandating local vernacular architecture.
    • Mandatory Wastewater Treatment Plants: Requiring all hotels to treat sewage on-site before discharge.

  5. Describe the social and cultural impacts of rapid, unplanned tourism on indigenous host communities.

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    Socio-Cultural Impacts of Unplanned Tourism

    • The Demonstration Effect: Local youth imitating foreign consumer habits, eroding indigenous cultural traditions.
    • Commercialization of Sacred Rituals: Sacred spiritual dances reduced to staged theatrical shows for tourist tips.
    • Inflation of Local Cost of Living: Rising real estate and food prices pricing out local residents.

  6. Explain how Smart Tourism Destination (STD) technologies enhance the visitor journey.

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    Smart Tourism Destination (STD) Technologies

    • Free municipal public Wi-Fi networks in tourist zones.
    • IoT sensors tracking real-time crowd congestion at heritage monuments.
    • Interactive smartphone apps providing geo-located audio navigation and digital ticket purchasing.

Section C

Comprehensive / Analytical Questions. Attempt any TWO questions. (2 × 10 = 20)

[2*10=20]

  1. Formulate a Master Destination Development Plan for Bandipur or Pokhara, addressing infrastructure, environmental zoning, and community empowerment.

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    Destination Master Plan: Bandipur Eco-Heritage Destination

    1. Pedestrianization and Heritage Preservation:
      • Banning all motorized vehicular traffic from Bandipur Main Bazaar; establishing perimeter parking.
      • Mandating 18th-century Newar architectural facades for all newly constructed hotels and homestays.
    2. Infrastructure Enhancements:
      • Undergrounding electrical and internet cables to preserve visual heritage charm.
      • Rainwater harvesting and decentralized wastewater treatment.
    3. Community-Based Tourism Empowerment:
      • Establishing Magar and Gurung cultural village trails with direct homestay revenue sharing.

  2. Critically analyze Over-Tourism and examine de-marketing strategies applied in global destinations.

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    Managing Over-Tourism: Global Strategies and Lessons for Nepal

    • Timed Ticketing & Quotas: Requiring pre-booked entrance slots (as practiced in Machu Picchu and Venice).
    • Differential Peak Pricing: Doubling national park and temple entrance fees during peak festive seasons.
    • Spatial & Temporal Dispersion: Marketing undiscovered regional gems (e.g., Rara Lake or Khaptad) to relieve chronic congestion in Pokhara and Annapurna.